Mathematics Branches, Topics, and Sub-Topics

A structured visual guide to the major mathematical areas and their relationships.

Search by code, branch, topic, subtopic, or a keyword from the descriptions.

51Hxx Topological and transformation geometry

This subtopic introduces the core ideas in topological and transformation geometry, including foundational concepts, standard methods, and the main questions used to organize the area. Typical uses include building mathematical background, framing related research problems, and supporting applications in neighboring fields where these concepts provide useful structure.

Specific topics

51H05 General theory of topological geometry

Overview

Topological geometry studies incidence and geometric structures endowed with continuous topology, linking synthetic geometry with topological methods.

Related Wikipedia Page

Topological geometry (Wikipedia)

Useful Links

Key Ideas

  • continuity in incidence structures
  • topological invariants
  • geometric transformations

Typical Uses

Used to formulate geometric axioms compatible with continuity and deformation.

Applications

  • Transformation geometry
  • Manifold geometry
  • Incidence topology

References

Recommended Textbooks

51H10 Topological linear incidence structures

Overview

This topic investigates projective and affine incidence systems in which point and line sets carry natural topologies and continuity constraints.

Related Wikipedia Page

Wikipedia: Incidence geometry

Useful Links

Key Ideas

  • topological projective spaces
  • continuous collineations
  • linear incidence

Typical Uses

Provides a framework for understanding geometric continuity in projective and affine settings.

Applications

  • Topological projective planes
  • Geometric group actions
  • Continuity constraints in geometry

References

Recommended Textbooks

51H15 Topological nonlinear incidence structures

Overview

Nonlinear incidence geometries such as Mobius and Laguerre type systems are studied here under topological regularity assumptions.

Related Wikipedia Page

Wikipedia: Mobius plane

Useful Links

Key Ideas

  • nonlinear incidence
  • circle geometries
  • topological regularity

Typical Uses

Useful for unifying incidence-theoretic and topological aspects of circle and sphere configurations.

Applications

  • Geometric modeling
  • Transformation groups
  • Incidence structures

References

Recommended Textbooks

51H20 Topological geometries on manifolds

Overview

This branch studies incidence and transformation structures realized on manifolds, often combining local geometric data with global topology.

Related Wikipedia Page

Wikipedia: Manifold

Useful Links

Key Ideas

  • manifold models
  • incidence on manifolds
  • global topological constraints

Typical Uses

Used when geometric structures are embedded in smooth or topological manifolds.

Applications

  • Differential topology
  • Geometric structures
  • Transformation geometry

References

Recommended Textbooks

51H25 Geometries with differentiable structure

Overview

Differentiable incidence geometries combine synthetic concepts with smooth charts, tangent structures, and differentiable transformations.

Related Wikipedia Page

Wikipedia: Differential geometry

Useful Links

Key Ideas

  • smooth structures
  • differentiable maps
  • tangent constructions

Typical Uses

Provides local analytic tools for otherwise synthetic geometric systems.

Applications

  • Geometric mechanics
  • Lie group actions
  • Smooth incidence theory

References

Recommended Textbooks

51H30 Geometries with algebraic manifold structure

Overview

Here geometric incidence ideas interact with algebraic manifolds, often using algebraic and topological invariants simultaneously.

Related Wikipedia Page

Wikipedia: Algebraic variety

Useful Links

Key Ideas

  • algebraic manifolds
  • incidence on varieties
  • mixed invariants

Typical Uses

Useful for bridging synthetic geometry and algebraic geometry perspectives.

Applications

  • Complex geometry
  • Algebraic topology
  • Geometric modeling

References

Recommended Textbooks